Future of smartphone Biomatrics

Sorry, Apple. The fingerprint recognition feature on the upcoming iPhone 5s, Touch ID, might be eye-catching, but you still have to log into your device. Identifying someone by the way they tap and swipe on a touchscreen might be the more natural, unobtrusive future of smartphone biometricsMovie Camera.

Developed by Cheng Bo at the Illinois Institute of Technology and his colleagues, SilentSense does just that. Using the phone's built-in sensors, it records the unique patterns of pressure, duration and fingertip size and position each user exhibits when interacting with their phone or tablet.

Machine learning algorithms then turn this into a signature that identifies the user – and will lock out anyone whose usage patterns do not match.

To increase the system's accuracy, the smartphone's accelerometer and gyroscope measure how much the screen moves when you are jabbing at it. They can also pick up on your unique gait as you walk while using the screen.

"Different users, dependent on sex and age among other things, will have different habits in interacting," says Bo.

In tests, 100 users were told to use the smartphone's touchscreen as they would normally. SilentSense was able to identify the phone's owner with 99 per cent accuracy after no more than 10 taps. Even with an average of 2.3 touches the system was able to verify the user 98 per cent of the time.

To save on power, the software stops checking the user's identity when apps like games are being used. To maintain security, it automatically switches on when more sensitive applications, such as email or SMS, are accessed.

"This is interesting, creative research," says Kevin Bowyer, a biometrics researcher at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. "It could help preserve privacy if the phone could recognise if the owner or a guest was using it and lock guests out of some applications."

Journal reference: arXiv:1309.0073v1

CryEngine 3 vs Frostbite 3

Although there is much debate and speculation regarding the competition between the upcoming next gen consoles and the various producers waiting to promote their latest game releases, it’s easy to forget that the competition is also rife in software development. There is no better example of this competition than between the established CryEngine 3 by German Developers Crytek, the engine being used in games such as Sniper: Ghost Warrior 2 and Crysis 2. The competitor is the upcoming Frostbite 3 engine by Swedish developer DICE, which has been showcased during E3 in the incredible gameplay demo of Battlefield 4.

One of the first things that people will assess when comparing the two engines will be the visual/graphical comparisons, and after comparing the two engines I feel the award for the most visually impressive must go to the Frostbite 3. The graphical display on Battlefield 4 was simply amazing, showcasing the clear crisp graphics, excellent framerate, clear sound effects, shadowing, lighting, speedy rendering, and the support for huge open world maps. All of this was a clear demonstration of both the excellent graphical capabilities of the software, but also a clear demonstration that the next gen consoles are capable of running the engine without any compatibility or processing problems.

 

Both Engines are stunning to look at, but I still find myself drawn more to the Frostbite 3.

Compare that with the CryEngine which, to its credit, wowed us with its own display of graphical, sounds, and quality when showcasing Crysis 2 on the PC. Also any issue of its redundancy on next gen consoles was dismissed by Crytek who stated on their website the engine will be compatible for supporting games on next gen. Also, although I feel the graphics are better on the Frostbite Engine, the CryEngine does appear to have a more colorful look and more emphasis on character models, although both engines seem to adopt a dark and dusty tinge, possibly to try and make the game world look more realistic.

However in one area that I do feel the Frostbite 3 engine is indeed far superior, is in its performance. One of the most glaring problems attributed to the CryEngine 3 is its apparent favoritism towards the PC platform. Although Crytek claims the engine was designed specifically to allow more compatibility with consoles, this did not translate in graphics, rendering, or performance, which was average at best when compared to the PC. In the case of the Frostbite 3 engine the development has been made for the use of next gen gaming as a priority, and as such will not only be able to flex its ‘graphical muscles’ in high profile events, but do so on what will soon be the best selling gaming devices on the planet.

Assigning IP address (Cisco Router)

 

 Here I am taking the Equipment 
    

      -  Cisco 2811

      -  Serial DCE

      -  WIC-2T

 Assigning IP addressing : 

     Must keep in mind that every communication is based on IP, without IP you cannot do anything

           Configuration :

                 -  Router> enable

                 Switch to enable Mode

               

                -  Route#

                 Now we are switch mode, For configuring Our router we should

                 move to configuration mode

                -  Router#config t

                 After that you'll move to  config mode

                -  Router(config)#

                 Now move to that serial on which wire is connected

                 In my example it 0/3/0

                -  Router(config)# int s 0/3/0

                 Now we are at interface serial 0/3/0

                 Here we have to assign the ip address 

               -  Router (config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.3 255.0.0.0

                In this command after right next to ip address the ip address

                you want to assign and then after that the subnet of that class 

                is written

                - Router (config-if)# end

That's it IP is assigned, Same work is to be done on the other router For communication 

               

      

Google Chromium project leaves WebKit to work with Blink browser engine

When Opera announced in February that it would switch to the WebKit browser engine, the same basic technology that powers Chrome and Safari, critics wondered if this was a bad move for the open Web.

The worry was that browser vendors were putting too much power in the hands of one rendering engine. Many, no doubt, were recalling the years when Internet Explorer dominated browser usage requiring Web developers to cater to IE's peculiarities.

Fears of a so-called WebKit monoculture may be over now that the Chromium Project is splitting with WebKit, an open source project created by Apple in 2001. Google will instead work on its own rendering engine called Blink, taking the new engine’s initial codebase from WebKit, a practice called forking. Chromium is the Google-led open-source browser project that supplies the code for the company's Chrome Web browser.

With the addition of Blink, there are now four major Web engines including WebKit, Mozilla's Gecko engine powering Firefox, and Microsoft's Trident for Internet Explorer.

Why the change?

"[WebKit was] the obvious choice for Chromium's rendering engine back when we started," Google's Chromium Project said in a blog post Wednesday. "However, Chromium uses a different multi-process architecture than other WebKit-based browsers, and supporting multiple architectures over the years has led to increasing complexity for both the WebKit and Chromium projects."

Google says that at first, there will be little difference in how Blink works as the first round of changes to the new engine will be largely architectural. Right from the start, Blink will have a smaller codebase as it eliminates from its WebKit source about 7,000 files and 4.5 million lines of code. A smaller codebase could translate into smaller download packages for new browser installations and perhaps faster start-up times for browsers.

Chromium Logo

Introducing a new rendering engine could either be a blessing or a boon for users and developers. Catering to multiple rendering engines can put a heavy burden on Web coders who need to make sure their sites work no matter if someone is viewing their site in Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, or Safari. Even when those browsers are supposed to respect the same Web standards, minor differences in each browser can require code tweaks by developers to keep their sites working.Chrome and Chromium won't be the only browsers using Blink. Opera confirmed to PCWorld that it will also follow Chromium into the Blink project. When Opera announced it was going WebKit in February, the company said it would base its new browser on elements from Chromium, so the switch to Blink makes sense.

Others, however, feared a singular Web culture ruled by the technological capacities and limitations of WebKit. There’s little doubt that WebKit is currently a dominant factor in Web development, especially when it comes to optimizing websites for mobile devices.

Apple's Safari for iOS and Google's Android browsers rely on WebKit and account for more than 90 percent of the mobile browser market worldwide, according to stats from Internet backbone company Akamai Technologies. WebKit's mobile dominance even prompted Microsoft to write a blog post with guidelines on how to tweak a WebKit-optimized site to work with Internet Explorer 10 for Windows Phone 8.

Google says it is keenly aware that introducing a new rendering engine has the potential to break Web compatibility, but the company argues that multiple rendering engines will "spur innovation and over time improve the health of the entire open web ecosystem."

So when will we see the first version of Chrome fully powered by Blink? Google hasn’t said yet, and Opera said it cannot comment on its roadmap plans. Opera released its first beta version of Opera based on WebKit earlier in March.

TED TALK: Autonomous Agile Aerial Robots

Autonomous Agile Aerial Robots

In this TedTalk, Vijay Kumar introduces autonomous agile aerial robots. These robots are related to unmanned air vehicles; also known as UAV’s. But unlike UAV’s, autonomous agile aerial robots are much smaller in comparison weighing less than 1 pound. Also, unlike UAV’s, these small robots are very agile and are able to perform very acrobatic maneuvers. In the discussion, Vijay shows the physics of how these robots are able to perform these agile maneuvers by changing rotor speeds, pitch and yaw. The robots are able to have this type of ability due to their fast processors which receive environmental input 100 times per-second and adjust controls 600 times a second. This gives these robots the ability to be aware with neighboring robots to perform group tasks like flying in formation.

Vijay Kumar's Perspective 

Autonomous micro aerial robots can operate in three-dimensional environments, and offer many opportunities for the field robotics community. I will describe the challenges in developing small, agile robots and our recent work in addressing these challenges. I will also discuss the problems in deploying large numbers of aerial robots with applications to cooperative manipulation and transport, construction, and exploration and mapping in indoor environments.

Future of UAV's

Future applications of UAV systems will depend on the aircraft autonomous behavior and decision capabilities. Search and Rescue is one complex possible mission and is here taken as a case study. The ReSSAC project is a multidisciplinary project at ONERA. Its main challenges are related to the architectures and algorithms for autonomous decision and information processing onboard UAVs that perform their mission in cooperation with operators. The feasibility demonstrations and results of the project are intended to be reused and extended in further studies, projects and collaborations. A first step of the project was to develop an autonomous control architecture for our two rotorcraft. In this paper, we present the current status and preliminary achievements of the ReSSAC project, especially some records of past experimental flights with our autonomous aircraft. We further discuss ongoing studies and research perspectives.

TED TALKS Video

Vijay Kumar talks about different functionalities of this UAV in this video

Intel plans strategic shift toward internet television

CHIPMAKER Intel is developing an internet-based TV service for consumers in a strategic shift from its traditional business, and has reportedly reached out to media companies in a bid to obtain the rights to shows.
The world’s top chipmaker plans to create a “virtual cable operator” that would offer TV channels in a bundle over the internet – via television sets, computers, tablets and smartphones.

The product, which the chip company wants to roll out before the end of the year, could use an Intel set-top box and Intel’s name.

In October, Intel wound down its efforts to make chips for digital “smart” TVs, although it continues to make chips for set-top boxes.

At the same time, it formed the Intel Media business group, headed by former BBC executive Erik Huggers, aimed at promoting digital content on Intel-based platforms.

An Intel spokeswoman declined to comment.

Apple sued over iPhone 4S 'assistant' Siri

AN iPhone 4S buyer has sued Apple for promising more than it delivered with automated "Siri" voice-activated assistant software built into the coveted smartphones. 

 
A suit filed in a California federal court argued that Apple advertising touting the wonders of Siri amounted to "intentional misrepresentation" and unfair competition, according to documents available online yesterday.
Lawyers representing a New York City man who bought an iPhone 4S want class action status to represent millions of people who bought the latest generation Apple smartphone.

The suit included Apple - which runs showing people asking Siri to help them find restaurants, learn chords to songs, tie neck ties, and even figure out if there is a rodeo in town - had disappointed some users.


Lawyers representing the iPhone 4S buyer, identified as Frank Fazio of Brooklyn, argued that Siri claims were "misleading and deceptive" and are calling for California-based Apple to pay unspecified damages. "Promptly after the purchase of his iPhone 4S, plaintiff realized that Siri was not performing as advertised," the lawsuit said.

"For instance, when plaintiff asked Siri for directions to a certain place, or to locate a store, Siri either did not understand what plaintiff was asking, or, after a very long wait time, responded with the wrong answer."
Apple does not comment on pending litigation.

Siri has been a hit since its US debut with the iPhone 4S in October and was even referred to as a direct challenge to Google's search engine by the Internet giant's chairman Eric Schmidt.

The artificial intelligence software was derived from research conducted to make computers more intuitive at understanding and working with soldiers in action.

Siri is designed to understand context so people can speak naturally when asking it questions.
For example, spoken queries of "Will I need an umbrella this weekend?" and "What is the traffic like around here?" will prompt online searches for local weather forecasts or road conditions.

Siri helps make calls, send text messages or email, schedule meetings and reminders, make notes, find local businesses, and get directions. It will even perform mathematical calculations if asked.

LG Display supplying panels for Apple’s new iPad

Flat screen maker LG Display Co Ltd is supplying touch-screen panels for Apple Inc's new iPad, a source close to the matter said on Wednesday.

Bloomberg reported earlier that Samsung Electronics Co Ltd was the sole supplier for the new iPad, launched last week, after LG and Japan's Sharp Corp failed to meet the US company's quality requirements, quoting an analyst from research firm iSuppli.

"LG is also in a panel supply deal with Samsung for the new iPad," the source said.
The source was not authorised to speak to the media and declined to be identified.
Among the iPad's tablet competitors, Samsung remains in a distant second position.

The new iPad will be available in Singapore on March 16.

Android's Face Unlock security fooled by photograph?

The Face Unlock security feature in Google's Ice Cream Sandwich OS can reportedly be tricked into unlocking a phone by showing it a digital image of the user's face.

The Face Unlock feature raised a few eyebrows when it was unveiled along with the rest of the Ice Cream Sandwich edition of Android. Using your smartphone's front-facing camera, the phone side-steps the need for passwords or traditional unlock screens by scanning the user's face to identify its owner from Joe Public, and only granting access to the face it recognises.

At the time, cynics were asking how an Ice Cream Sandwich phone would be able to tell the difference between a real-world face and a photograph, although Google rebuffed the idea that the system could be so simply exploited. However, a new video that's cropped up on YouTube suggests that Face Unlock might be more vulnerable than Google are willing to admit, with one user unlocking his ICS-powered mobile with a picture taken of himself on a Samsung Galaxy Note.

While there are accusations in the YouTube comments that the uploader could have set up his phone deliberately to unlock when presented with a 2D picture of himself, we imagine the experiment is being busily recreated at Google HQ as we speak. Fake or legit? Check out the video for yourself below.

ASUS Announces P9X79 WAS (LGA 2011) Motherboard for Workstations

ASUS today announced its new workstation motherboard P9X79 WAS which would support Intel’s upcoming Sandy Bridge-E Processors. The motherboard would be suitable for professional workstation usage while the other Rampage IV Extreme, ASUS P9X79 and Sabertooth X79 would be aimed towards the Consumer market.


The P9X79 WAS would be based on the X79 Chipset featuring the LGA 2011 Socket which would support Intel’s Sandy Bridge-E, More specifically the i7 3900 Series. The motherboard features eight DDR3 memory modules allowing Quad channel memory interface and Six PCI-e 3.0 Memory slots allowing for Quad Way SLI and CrossfireX Support.

Storage includes 4 SATA 6Gbps and 4 SATA 3GBps ports while connectivity ports include four USB 3.0 and 13 USB 2.0. Backpanel I/O includes Dual Gigabit network, FireWire and 7.1 audio.

The release of the motherboard is expected next week along with Sandy Bridge-E platform launch on November 14th.

Once and for all: Modern Warfare 3 or Battlefield 3 - Who won the FPS crown?

And there you have it ladies and gentlemen, after close to a year's worth of teasing, promising and fair bit of showboating Activision's Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 and EA's Battlefield 3 are both in the wild. But which one delivers?

EA has made it known through its advertising campaign and numerous confrontational soundbites that it's aiming for Call of Duty's throne with DICE's latest shooter.

Meanwhile Activision has observed a quiet confidence in its genre-leading franchise, holding an assured silence that some would posit borders on arrogance.

Battlefield 3 reached European shores on October 28 and - on the same day - EA revealed DICE's shooter got off to "a fantastic start on sales and quality". He wasn't kidding.

EA CEO John Riccitiello said during an earnings it had shipped 10 million units to retail and was already receiving reorders. Later that week Battlefield 3 was declared to be 'the fastest-selling EA game ever'.
Critics gave the game a very warm reception and the generally positive reviews pushed its Metacritic review average to a high of 93%.

Although Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has only been official available for a few days now (close to a week unofficially courtesy of a few cheeky retailers) industry analysts have said Infinity Ward's shooter is expected to move between 5.5 and 6 million copies during its first 24 hours on sale.

Like it's opposition MW3 has gone down a treat with critics, with the majority of reviews landing around the 9/10 mark.

Gamers however haven't been as kind and flocked to review aggregator Metacritic and submitted hundreds of scathing reviews, dragging its user review average down to rock bottom. Some would say unfairly so.

If numbers are the metric of success the obvious answer is both games are huge success' in their own right, but what we're interested in is your opinion, how you feel about both games individually and relative to each other.

Do you think Battlefield is everything EA claimed it to be? Has Activision delivered another title worthy of the crown? Which out of the two do you expect to be playing months from now? Let us know in the comments below.

Upload source code of HTML

<html>



<body>

if ( isset( $_FILES['fupload'] ) ) {

print "name: ". $_FILES['fupload']['name'] ."
";
print "size: ". $_FILES['fupload']['size'] ." bytes
";
print "temp name: ".$_FILES['fupload']['tmp_name'] ."
";
print "type: ". $_FILES['fupload']['type'] ."
";
print "error: ". $_FILES['fupload']['error'] ."
";

if ( $_FILES['fupload']['type'] == "image/gif" ) {

$source = $_FILES['fupload']['tmp_name'];
$target = "upload/".$_FILES['fupload']['name'];
move_uploaded_file( $source, $target );// or die ("Couldn't copy");
$size = getImageSize( $target );

$imgstr = "
;
$imgstr .= "src=\"$target\" alt=\"uploaded image\" />
";

print $imgstr;
}
}
?>

<form enctype="multipart/form-data"
action="" method="post">

"hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="102400" />
"file" name="fupload" />

"submit" value="upload!" />


form>
body>
html>

Download XAMPP

PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor . The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly.

You should need the server for php you can download it

Download

For further help watch:

Password-Cracking Techniques

Understanding Password-Cracking

Techniques

We get daily tons of requests regarding password cracking,
hereby we present a well researched comprehensive article adressing the same
It may bounce many of ur heads but we are sure a must mug up for Geeks nour regular visitors!!
so Gear Up! Dont give up before having a look on the entire article!




Many hacking attempts start with attempting to crack passwords. Passwords are the key piece
of information needed to access a system. Users, when creating passwords, often select passwords
that are prone to being cracked. Many reuse passwords or choose one that’s simple—such
as a pet’s name—to help them remember it. Because of this human factor, most password cracking
is successful; it can be the launching point for escalating privileges, executing applications,
hiding files, and covering tracks. Passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools
such as a dictionary or brute-force method, each of which are covered later in this chapter.
Manual password cracking involves attempting to log on with different passwords. The
hacker follows these steps:
1.
Find a valid user account (such as Administrator or Guest).
2.
Create a list of possible passwords.
3.
Rank the passwords from high to low probability.
4.
Key in each password.
5.
Try again until a successful password is found.
A hacker can also create a script file that tries each password in a list. This is still considered
manual cracking, but it’s time consuming and not usually effective.

Boring!! isnt it!! A more efficient way of cracking a password is to gain access to the password file on a system.
Most systems



hash
(one-way encrypt) a password for storage on a system. During the
logon process, the password entered by the user is hashed using the same algorithm and then
compared to the hashed passwords stored in the file. A hacker can attempt to gain access to
the hashing algorithm stored on the server instead of trying to guess or otherwise identify the
password. If the hacker is successful, they can decrypt the passwords stored on the server.
Passwords are stored in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) file on a
Windows system and in a password shadow file on a Linux system.



Understanding the LanManager Hash

Windows 2000 uses NT Lan Manager (NTLM) hashing to secure passwords in transit on the
network. Depending on the password, NTLM hashing can be weak and easy to break. For
example, let’s say that the password is
123456abcdef
. When this password is encrypted with
the NTLM algorithm, it’s first converted to all uppercase:
123456ABCDEF
. The password is
padded with null (blank) characters to make it 14 characters long:
123456ABCDEF__
. Before
the password is encrypted, the 14-character string is split in half:
123456A and BCDEF__.
Each string is individually encrypted, and the results are concatenated:
123456A = 6BF11E04AFAB197F
BCDEF__ = F1E9FFDCC75575B15
The hash is
6BF11E04AFAB197FF1E9FFDCC75575B15


Hacking Tools

Legion automates the password guessing in NetBIOS sessions. Legion scans multiple
IP address ranges for Windows shares and also offers a manual dictionary attack tool.
NTInfoScan is a security scanner for NT 4.0. This vulnerability scanner produces an HTMLbased
report of security issues found on the target system and other information.
L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery package distributed by @stake software,
which is now owned by Symantec. It performs Server Message Block (SMB) packet captures
on the local network segment and captures individual login sessions. L0phtCrack contains
dictionary, brute-force, and hybrid attack capabilities.
John the Ripper is a command-line tool designed to crack both Unix and NT passwords. The
cracked passwords are case insensitive and may not represent the real mixed-case password.
KerbCrack consists of two programs: kerbsniff and kerbcrack. The sniffer listens on the network
and captures Windows 2000/XP Kerberos logins. The cracker can be used to find the
passwords from the capture file using a brute force attack or a dictionary attack.

Cracking Windows 2000 Passwords

The SAM file in Windows contains the usernames and hashed passwords. It’s located in the
Windows\system32\config
directory. The file is locked when the operating system is running
so a hacker can’t attempt to copy the file while the machine is booted to Windows.
One option for copying the SAM file is to boot to an alternate operating system such as
DOS or Linux with a boot CD. Alternately, the file can be copied from the
repair
directory.
If a systems administrator uses the RDISK feature of Windows to back up the system, then a
compressed copy of the SAM file called
SAM._
is created in
C:\windows\repair
. To expand
this file, use the following command at the command prompt:
C:\>expand sam._ sam
After the file is uncompressed, a dictionary, hybrid, or brute-force attack can be run against
the SAM file using a tool like L0phtCrack.


Redirecting the SMB Logon to the Attacker

Another way to discover passwords on a network is to redirect the Server Message Block
(SMB) logon to an attacker’s computer so that the passwords are sent to the hacker. In order
to do this, the hacker must sniff the NTLM responses from the authentication server and trick
the victim into attempting Windows authentication with the attacker’s computer. A common
technique is to send the victim an e-mail message with an embedded hyperlink to a fraudulent

Hacking Tools

Win32CreateLocalAdminUser is a program that creates a new user with the username and
password
X
and adds the user to the local administrator’s group. This action is part of the
Metasploit Project and can be launched with the Metasploit framework on Windows.
Offline NT Password Resetter is a method of resetting the password to the administrator’s
account when the system isn’t booted to Windows. The most common method is to boot to
a Linux boot CD and then access the NTFS partition, which is no longer protected, and change
the password.
SMB server. When the hyperlink is clicked, the user unwittingly sends their credentials over
the network.


SMB Redirection

Several automated hacking tools can implement SMB redirection:


SMB Relay MITM Attacks and Countermeasures
 
An SMB relay MITM attack is when the attacker sets up a fraudulent server with a relay
address. When a victim client connects to the fraudulent server, the MITM server intercepts
the call, hashes the password, and passes the connection to the victim server.
Figure 4.1 illustrates an example of such an attack.


Hacking Tools

SMBRelay is an SMB server that captures usernames and password hashes from incoming
SMB traffic. SMBRelay can also perform man-in-the-middle attacks.
SMBRelay2 is similar to SMBRelay but uses NetBIOS names instead of IP addresses to
capture usernames and passwords.
pwdump2 is a program that extracts the password hashes from a SAM file on a Windows system.
The extracted password hashes can then be run through L0phtCrack to break the passwords.
Samdump is another program to extract NTLM hashed passwords from a SAM file.
C2MYAZZ is a spyware program that makes Windows clients send their passwords as clear
text. It displays usernames and their passwords as users attach to server resources.

SMB relay countermeasures include configuring Windows 2000 to use SMB signing, which
causes it to cryptographically sign each block of SMB communications. These settings are
found under Security Policies/Security Options.


NetBIOS DoS Attacks

A NetBIOS Denial of Service (DoS) attack sends a NetBIOS Name Release message to the NetBIOS
Name Service on a target Windows systems and forces the system to place its name in conflict
so that the name can no longer be used. This essentially blocks the client from participating in the
NetBIOS network and creates a network DoS for that system.


Password-Cracking Countermeasures

The strongest passwords possible should be implemented to protect against password cracking.
Systems should enforce 8–12 character alphanumeric passwords. The length of time the same
password should be used is discussed in the next section.
To protect against cracking of the hashing algorithm for passwords stored on the server,
you must take care to physically isolate and protect the server. The systems administrator can
use the SYSKEY utility in Windows to further protect hashes stored on the server hard disk.
The server logs should also be monitored for brute-force attacks on user accounts.
A systems administrator can implement the following security precautions to decrease the
effectiveness of a brute-force password-cracking attempt:
1.
Never leave a default password.
2.
Never use a password that can be found in a dictionary.


Hacking Tools

SMBGrind increases the speed of L0phtCrack sessions on sniffer dumps by removing duplication
and providing a way to target specific users without having to edit the dump files manually.
The SMBDie tool crashes computers running Windows 2000/XP/NT by sending specially
crafted SMB requests.
NBTdeputy can register a NetBIOS computer name on a network and respond to NetBIOS
over TCP/IP (NetBT) name-query requests. It simplifies the use of SMBRelay. The relay can be
referred to by computer name instead of IP address.


Hacking Tools

NBName can disable entire LANs and prevent machines from rejoining them. Nodes on a Net-
BIOS network infected by the tool think that their names are already in use by other machines.
3.
Never use a password related to the host name, domain name, or anything else that can
be found with whois.
4.
Never use a password related to your hobbies, pets, relatives, or date of birth.
5.
Use a word that has more than 21 characters from a dictionary as a password.
This subject is discussed further in the section “Monitoring Event Viewer Logs.”
In the following sections, we’ll look at two measures you can take to strengthen passwords
and prevent password-cracking.



Password Change Interval

Passwords should expire after a certain amount of time so that users are forced to change
their passwords. If the password interval is set too low, then users will forget their current
passwords; as a result, a systems administrator will have to reset users’ passwords frequently.
On the other hand, if passwords are allowed to be used for too long, then security
may be compromised. The recommended password-change interval is every 30 days. In
addition, it’s recommended that users not be allowed to reuse the last three passwords.
You cannot completely block brute-force password attacks if the hacker
switches the proxy server where the source packet is generated. A systems
administrator can only add security features to decrease the likelihood that
brute-force password attacks will be useful.


Monitoring Event Viewer Logs

Administrators should monitor Event Viewer logs to recognize any intrusion attempts either
before they take place or while they’re occurring. Generally, several failed attempts are logged
in the system logs before a successful intrusion or password attack. The security logs are only
as good as the systems administrators who monitor them.
Tools such as VisualLast aid a network administrator in deciphering and analyzing the
security log files. VisualLast provides greater insight into the NT event logs so the administrator can assess the activity of the network more accurately and efficiently. The program is designed to allow network administrators to view and report individual users’ logon and logoff times; these events may be searched according to time frame, which is invaluable to security analysts who are looking for intrusion details.
The event log located at
c:\\windows\system32\config\Sec.Event.Evt
contains the
trace of an attacker's brute-force attempts.

How to trace an IP of remote system (web+messenger)

Introduction:

Welcome to another rahulhackingarticles tutorial.
In here I have figure out some very easy but cool ways to trace out the geographical location and various other infos like ISP details etc of a remote computer using its IP.
Well I guess its one of the most important must learn manul for boys out there if you want to impress your friends particularly gals whom you’ll meet online in a chat room and tell them their geographical locations and ISP details and make them surprised and impressed J.
In the practical execution of this manual you don’t have to work much as it is very simple only you have to use your brain to understand some symbols and some format of expressions and use your IQ to execute things the right way.

What is IP and how to get the IP of a remote system::

Getting the IP or Internet Protocol of a remote system is the most important and the first step of hacking into it. Probably it is the first thing a hacker do to get info for researching on a system. Well IP is a unique number assigned to each computer on a network. It is this unique address which represents the system on the network. Generally the IP of a particular system changes each time you log on to the network by dialing to your ISP and it is assigned to you by your ISP. IP of a system which is always on the network remains generally the same. Generally those kind of systems are most likely to suffer a hacking attack because of its stable IP. Using IP you can even execute system commands on the victim’s computer.
Lets take the example of the following IP address: 202.144.49.110 Now the first part, the numbers before the first decimal i.e. 209 is the Network number or the Network Prefix.. This means that it identifies the number of the network in which the host is. The second part i.e. 144 is the Host Number that is it identifies the number of the host within the Network. This means that in the same Network, the network number is same. In order to provide flexibility in the size of the Network, here are different classes of IP addresses:

Address Class Dotted Decimal Notation Ranges
Class A ( /8 Prefixes) 1.xxx.xxx.xxx through 126.xxx.xxx.xxx
Class B ( /16 Prefixes) 128.0.xxx.xxx through 191.255.xxx.xxx
Class C ( /24 Prefixes) 192.0.0.xxx through 223.255.255.xxx

The various classes will be clearer after reading the next few lines.

Each Class A Network Address contains a 8 bit Network Prefix followed by a 24-bit host number. They are considered to be primitive. They are referred to as "/8''s" or just "8's" as they have an 8-bit Network prefix.
In a Class B Network Address there is a 16 bit Network Prefix followed by a 16-bit Host number. It is referred to as "16's".

A class C Network address contains a 24-bit Network Prefix and a 8 bit Host number. It is referred to as
"24's" and is commonly used by most ISP's.

Due to the growing size of the Internet the Network Administrators faced many problems. The Internet routing tables were beginning to grow and now the administrators had to request another network number from the Internet before a new network could be installed at their site. This is where sub-netting came in.

Now if your ISP is a big one and if it provides you with dynamic IP addresses then you will most probably see that whenever you log on to the net, your IP address will have the same first 24 bits and only the last 8 bits will keep changing. This is due to the fact that when sub-netting comes in then the IP Addresses structure becomes:

xxx.xxx.zzz.yyy

where the first 2 parts are Network Prefix numbers and the zzz is the Subnet number and the yyy is the host number. So you are always connected to the same Subnet within the same Network. As a result the first 3 parts will remain the same and only the last part i.e. yyy is variable.
***********************

For Example, if say an ISP xyz is given the IP: 203.98.12.xx Network address then you can be awarded any IP, whose first three fields are 203.98.12. Get it?

So, basically this means that each ISP has a particular range in which to allocate all its subscribers. Or in other words, all subscribers or all people connected to the internet using the same ISP, will have to be in this range. This in effect would mean that all people using the same ISP are likely to have the same first three fields of their IP Addresses.

This means that if you have done a lot of (By this I really mean a lot) of research, then you could figure out which ISP a person is using by simply looking at his IP. The ISP name could then be used to figure out the city and the country of the person. Right? Let me take an example to stress as to how cumbersome but easy (once the research is done) the above method can be.

In my country, say there are three main ISP’s:

ISP Name Network Address Allotted

ISP I 203.94.47.xx
ISP II 202.92.12.xx
ISP III 203.91.35.xx

Now, if I get to know the IP of an e-pal of mine, and it reads: 203.91.35.12, then I can pretty easily figure out that he uses ISP III to connect to the internet. Right? You might say that any idiot would be able to do this. Well, yes and no. You see, the above method of finding out the ISP of a person was successful only because we already had the ISP and Network Address Allotted list with us. So, what my point is, that the above method can be successful only after a lot of research and experimentation. And, I do think such research can be helpful sometimes.

Also, this would not work, if you take it all on in larger scale. What if the IP that you have belongs to someone living in a remote igloo in the North Pole? You could not possibly get the Network Addresses of all the ISP’s in the world, could you? If yes please send it to me J.

Well now I guess you have pretty good knowledge about what an IP is and what you can do by knowing the IP of a remote system. Now lets come to the point of finding out the IP of remote system.
Well you can easily figure out the IP of a remote system using the netstat utility available in the microsoft’s version of DOS. The netstat command shows the connections in which your system is engaged to and the ports they are using. Suppose you are checking your mail in hotmail and you want to find out the IP of msn. All you need to do is to open a dos window (command.com) and type netstat. You will see all the open connections of your system. There you will see something :

Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP rahul:1031 64.4.xx.xx:80 ESTABLISHED

Now you got the IP address of hotmail ass 64.4.xx.xx .
Similarly you can figure out the IP address of most http or ftp connections.

To know your own IP type the following command in a dos windows
C:\netstat –n
[this commands converts the IP name into IP addresses]
this is what you will probably see on typing the above command :

Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1031 194.1.129.227:21 ESTABLISHED
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1043 207.138.41.181:80 FIN_WAIT_2
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1053 203.94.243.71:110 TIME_WAIT
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1058 194.1.129.227:20 TIME_WAIT
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1069 203.94.243.71:110 TIME_WAIT
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1071 194.98.93.244:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 203.xx.251.161:1078 203.94.243.71:110 TIME_WAIT

Here 203.xx.251.161 is your IP address.

Now lets clarify the format used by netstat :

Proto : It shows the type of protocol the connection with the remote system is using.
Here TCP (transmission control protocol) is the protocol used by my system to connect to other systems.

Local Address : It shows the local address ie the local IP. When the netstat command is executed without –n switch then the name of the local system is displayed and when the netstat is executed with –n switch then the IP of the local system is displayed. Here you can also find out the port used by the connection.
xxx.yyy.zzz.aaa:1024
in this format you will see the local address. Here 1024 is the port to which the remote system is connected in your system

Foreign Address :: It shows the IP address of the remote system to which your system is connected. In this case also if the netstat command is excuted with –n switch then you directly get the IP of the victim but if the netstat is executed without –n switch then you will get the address of the remote system. Something like

C:\netstat
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP rahul:1031 msgr.lw4.gs681.hotmail.com:80 ESTABLISHED

Here msgr.lw4.gs681.hotmail.com is the address of the foreign system . putting this address in any IP lookup program and doing a whois lookup will reveal the IP of the remote system.

Note: The port to which your system is connected can be found from this in the same way as I have shown in the case of local address. The difference is that, this is the port of the remote system to which your computer is connected to.
Below I have produced a list of ports and popular services generally found to be running.
21 :: FTP port
80 :: http port
23 :: Telnet port

Note: If your execute the netstat command and find ports like 12345,27374 are open and are in use then make it sure that your sweat heart computer is infected with her boyfriend.. J J J J I mean your computer is infected with some sort of Trojan.
Below I have produced a list of commonly known Trojans and the ports they use by default. So if you find these ports open then get a good virus buster and get these stupid servers of the Trojans kicked out. Well if you want to play with these Trojan by keeping them in your computer but not letting them ruin your system performance then just disble it from the system registry run and they wont be loaded to memory each time when windows starts up[This trick doesn’t work for all Trojans].

Netbus :: 12345(TCP)
Subseven :: 27374(TCP)
Girl Friend :: 21554(TCP)
Back Oriface :: 31337 (UDP)

Well guys and gals I hope you are now well familiar with the term IP and what is the utility of IP in cyber world and how to get the IP of a remote system to which you are connected. I hope you find my writings very easy to undertstand. I know I lack the capacity of explaining myself but I try my level best to make things very easy and clear for you’ll.

How to get the IP of a remote system while chatting through msn messenger ::

This is a tutorial on how to get IP address from MSN messenger. This is actually
a really easy thing to do. It is not like going through the hard time and reversing
MSN messenger like many people think.
The IP address is only given when you accept or are sending a file through MSN
messenger. When you send IM's, the message is sent through the server thus hiding
your victims IP and your. But when you send a file or recieve a file, it is direct
connection between the two computers.
To obtain the IP accept a file transfer or send a file to the victim, when the file
sending is under way from the dos prompt type "netstat" without the quotation marks.
You should get a table like this:
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP kick:1033 msgr-ns29.msgr.hotmail.com:1863 ESTABLISHED
TCP kick:1040 msgr-sb36.msgr.hotmail.com:1863 ESTABLISHED
TCP kick: <REMOTE HOST> ESTABLISHED
The top name in the list is the server's address for IMing. There could be many of
the second name in the list, as a new connection is made to the server for every
room you are IMing to. You are looking for the address of the remote host in
this table it may be something similar to "host63-7-102-226.ppp.cal.vsnl.com" or “203..64.90.6”.
without the quotation marks.
All you need to do now is to put this address in you IP lookup programe and get the IP of the remote system.


Well 50%of the work is done now. Now you know how to get the IP of a remote system, so its time to trace it down and find some details about the IP.

Tracing an IP is quite simple. You can do it the easy way by using some sweet softwares like Visual Trace 6.0b
[ftp://ftp.visualware.com/pub/vr/vr.exe]
Neotrace
[http://www.neoworx.com/download/NTX325.exe]
or by our way ie. Using MS DOS or any other version of DOS.
Well I suggest you to use DOS and its tracert tool for tracing the IP cause using it will give you a clear conception about the art of tracing an IP and I guarantee that you will feel much satisfied on success than using a silly software. Furthur you will know how things work and how the IP is traced down and the different networks associated in this tracing process.

Let us take a look at tracert tool provided for DOS by Microsoft.
It is a very handy tool for peoples need to trace down an IP.
Just open any DOS windows and type tracert.

C:\windows>tracert

Usage: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.

You will now see a description of the tracert command and the switches associated with it.
Well these switches doesn’t makes much difference. All you can do is to increase the timeout in milliseconds by using –w switch if you are using a slow connection and the –d switch if you wish not resolve address to hostnames by default.
By default tracert performs a maximum of 30 hops trace. Using the –h switch you can specify the number of hops to perform.
Now its time for execution.
Let us trace down the IP yahoo.com [216.115.108.243]

TIP: If you have done a long research (I mean a lot) then simply looking at the IP you can figure out some info from it. For example the IP 203.90.68.8 indicates that the system is in India. In India IPs generally begin with 203 and 202

C:\WINDOWS>tracert yahoo.com

Tracing route to yahoo.com [216.115.108.243] over a maximum of 30 hops:

1 308 ms 142 ms 127 ms 203.94.246.35
2 140 ms 135 ms * 203.94.246.1
3 213 ms 134 ms 132 ms 203.94.255.33
4 134 ms 130 ms 129 ms 203.200.64.29
5 122 ms 135 ms 131 ms 203.200.87.75
6 141 ms 137 ms 121 ms 203.200.87.15
7 143 ms 170 ms 154 ms vsb-delhi-stm1.Bbone.vsnl.net.in [202.54.2.241]
8 565 ms 589 ms 568 ms if-7-0.bb8.NewYork.Teleglobe.net [207.45.198.65]
9 596 ms 584 ms 600 ms if-3-0.core2.NewYork.teleglobe.net [207.45.221.66]
10 * * * Request timed out.
11 703 ms 701 ms 719 ms if-3-0.core2.PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net [64.86.83.205]
12 694 ms 683 ms 681 ms if-6-1.core1.PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net [207.45.202.33]
13 656 ms 677 ms 700 ms ix-5-0.core1.PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net [207.45.196.90]
14 667 ms 673 ms 673 ms ge-1-3-0.msr1.pao.yahoo.com [216.115.100.150]
15 653 ms 673 ms 673 ms vl20.bas1.snv.yahoo.com [216.115.100.225]
16 666 ms 676 ms 674 ms yahoo.com [216.115.108.243]
Trace complete.

Note: Here I have traced yahoo.com. In place of yahoo.com you can give the IP of yahoo or any other IP you want to trace, the result will be the same.

Now carefully looking at the results you can figure out many information about yahoo’s server [216.115.108.243]
First packets of data leave my ISP which is at 203.94.246.35 .Similarly you can find out the different routers through which the packets of data are send and received to and from the target system. Now take a look at the 13th line you’ll see that the router is in PaloAlto.Teleglobe.net from this you can easily figure out that the router is in Palo Alto. Now finally look at the target system ie. Yahoo’s server vl20.bas1.snv.yahoo.com . Now you got the address of yahoo’s server. Now put this address in any IP lookup programe and perform and reverse DNS lookup and you will get most of the info about this address,like the place where it is in.

Well another thing you can find out using the tracert tool is that the number of hops (routers) the target system is away from you. In case of tracerouting yahoo.com we find that the target system ie yahoo’s server is 16 hops away from my system. This indicates that there are 16 routers between my system and yahoo’s server.

Apart from tracing an IP you can find out many usefull details about the target system using the tracert tool.

Firewall Detection

While tracerouting a target system, if you get * as an output then it indicates timeout error. Now if you peform another tracerout to the same taeget system at some other time with a good connection and in this way few times more and if you always get * as the output then take it for sure that the target system is running a firewall which prevents sending of data packets from the target system.

Example

Some days ago I tried to tracert hotmail’s server in plain and simple way using tracert without any trick.This is what I found out :


c:\windows>tracert 64.4.53.7

Tracing route to lc2.law5.hotmail.com [64.4.53.7]

over a maximum of 30 hops:



1 * * * Request timed out.
2 161 ms 147 ms 85 ms 203.90.69.81
3 126 ms 261 ms 219 ms 203.90.66.9
4 121 ms 115 ms 228 ms delswp2.hclinfinet.com [203.90.66.133]
5 727 ms 725 ms 711 ms 203-195-147-250.now-india.net.in [203.195.147.250]
6 1006 ms 794 ms 952 ms core-fae-0-0.now-india.net.in [203.195.147.3]
7 826 ms 731 ms 819 ms 213.232.106.9
8 885 ms 744 ms 930 ms 213.166.3.209
9 851 ms 1020 ms 1080 ms 213.232.64.54
10 1448 ms 765 ms 1114 ms pos8-0.core2.London1.Level3.net [212.113.0.118]
11 748 ms 789 ms 750 ms ge-4-2-1.mp2.London1.Level3.net [212.187.131.146]
12 719 ms 733 ms 846 ms so-3-0-0.mp1.London2.Level3.net [212.187.128.46]
13 775 ms 890 ms 829 ms so-1-0-0.mp2.Weehawken1.Level3.net [212.187.128.138]
14 853 ms 852 ms 823 ms so-3-0-0.mp1.SanJose1.Level3.net [64.159.1.129]
15 889 ms 816 ms 803 ms so-7-0-0.gar1.SanJose1.Level3.net [64.159.1.74]
16 * * * Request timed out.
17 * * * Request timed out.
18 * * * Request timed out.
19 * * * Request timed out.
20 * * * Request timed out.
21 * * * Request timed out.
22 * * * Request timed out.
23 * * * Request timed out.
24 * * * Request timed out.
25 * * * Request timed out.
26 * * * Request timed out.
27 * * * Request timed out.
28 * * * Request timed out.
29 * * * Request timed out.
30 * * * Request timed out.
Trace complete.

I performed the same tracert many times a day but concluded with the same result. This indicates that the systems after the router SanJose1.Level3.net has firewalls installed which prevents the outgoing of data packets.

Detecting Traceroute Attempts on your System

You can detect that an attacker is performing a traceroute on your system, if you see the following symptoms:

1. If you observe port scans on very high UDP ports. This symptom means that the attacker has performed a traceroute on your system. However, it could also mean a simply port scan. Either way, it signifies the fact that your system is being scanned.

2. If the packet-monitoring tool installed in your network, picks up several outgoing TTL-exceeding messages, then it is yet another sign that someone is doing a traceroute on your system.

3. If in these log files, you also observer an outgoing ICMP port unreachable error message, then it means that since a traceroute was done on your system and as the target system i.e. your system, was reached, it responded with this error message.

You can also find our more information on the attacker (if he performs a traceroute on your system) by simply studying the sniffer log files. If you observer the TTL values, then we can easily figure out the following information on the attacker by making use of OS detection techniques discussed earlier in this white paper:

1. The Operating System running on the attacker’s target system.
2. Number of hops away, the attacker is from you.

All DOS Commands

All DOS command

ADDUSERS: Add or list users to/from a CSV file
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
ASSOC: Change file extension associations
ASSOCIAT: One step file association
AT: Schedule a command to run at a later time
ATTRIB: Change file attributes

BOOTCFG: Edit Windows boot settings
BROWSTAT: Get domain, browser and PDC info

CACLS: Change file permissions
CALL: Call one batch program from another
CD: Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
CHANGE: Change Terminal Server Session properties
CHKDSK: Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS: Check the NTFS file system
CHOICE: Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CIPHER: Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
CleanMgr: Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
CLEARMEM: Clear memory leaks
CLIP: Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.
CLS: Clear the screen
CLUSTER: Windows Clustering
CMD: Start a new CMD shell
COLOR: Change colors of the CMD window
COMP: Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT: Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
COMPRESS: Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
CON2PRT: Connect or disconnect a Printer
CONVERT: Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.
COPY: Copy one or more files to another location
CSVDE: Import or Export Active Directory data

DATE: Display or set the date
Dcomcnfg: DCOM Configuration Utility
DEFRAG: Defragment hard drive
DEL: Delete one or more files
DELPROF: Delete NT user profiles
DELTREE: Delete a folder and all subfolders
DevCon: Device Manager Command Line Utility
DIR: Display a list of files and folders
DIRUSE: Display disk usage
DISKCOMP: Compare the contents of two floppy disks
DISKCOPY: Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another
DNSSTAT: DNS Statistics
DOSKEY: Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
DSADD: Add user (computer, group..) to active directory
DSQUERY: List items in active directory
DSMOD: Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory

ECHO: Display message on screen
ENDLOCAL: End localisation of environment changes in a batch file
ERASE: Delete one or more files
EXIT: Quit the CMD shell
EXPAND: Uncompress files
EXTRACT: Uncompress CAB files

FC: Compare two files
FDISK: Disk Format and partition
FIND: Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR: Search for strings in files
FOR: Conditionally perform a command several times
FORFILES: Batch process multiple files
FORMAT: Format a disk
FREEDISK: Check free disk space (in bytes)
FSUTIL: File and Volume utilities
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE: Display or modify file types used in file extension associations

GLOBAL: Display membership of global groups
GOTO: Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line

HELP: Online Help
HFNETCHK: Network Security Hotfix Checker

IF: Conditionally perform a command
IFMEMBER: Is the current user in an NT Workgroup
IPCONFIG: Configure IP

KILL: Remove a program from memory

LABEL: Edit a disk label
LOCAL: Display membership of local groups
LOGEVENT: Write text to the NT event viewer.
LOGOFF: Log a user off
LOGTIME: Log the date and time in a file

MAPISEND: Send email from the command line
MEM: Display memory usage
MD: Create new folders
MODE: Configure a system device
MORE: Display output, one screen at a time
MOUNTVOL: Manage a volume mount point
MOVE: Move files from one folder to another
MOVEUSER: Move a user from one domain to another
MSG: Send a message
MSIEXEC: Microsoft Windows Installer
MSINFO: Windows NT diagnostics
MSTSC: Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
MUNGE: Find and Replace text within file(s)
MV: Copy in-use files

NET: Manage network resources
NETDOM: Domain Manager
NETSH: Configure network protocols
NETSVC: Command-line Service Controller
NBTSTAT: Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT: Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NOW: Display the current Date and Time
NSLOOKUP: Name server lookup
NTBACKUP: Backup folders to tape
NTRIGHTS: Edit user account rights

PATH: Display or set a search path for executable files
PATHPING: Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
PAUSE: Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message
PERMS: Show permissions for a user
PERFMON: Performance Monitor
PING: Test a network connection
POPD: Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD
PORTQRY: Display the status of ports and services
PRINT: Print a text file
PRNCNFG: Display, configure or rename a printer
PRNMNGR: Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
PROMPT: Change the command prompt
PsExec: Execute process remotely
PsFile: Show files opened remotely
PsGetSid: Display the SID of a computer or a user
PsInfo: List information about a system
PsKill: Kill processes by name or process ID
PsList: List detailed information about processes
PsLoggedOn: Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
PsLogList: Event log records
PsPasswd: Change account password
PsService: View and control services
PsShutdown: Shutdown or reboot a computer
PsSuspend: Suspend processes
PUSHD: Save and then change the current directory

QGREP: Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.

RASDIAL: Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE: Manage RAS connections
RECOVER: Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.
REG: Read, Set or Delete registry keys and values
REGEDIT: Import or export registry settings
REGSVR32: Register or unregister a DLL
REGINI: Change Registry Permissions
REM: Record comments (remarks) in a batch file
REN: Rename a file or files.
REPLACE: Replace or update one file with another
RD: Delete folder(s)
RDISK: Create a Recovery Disk
RMTSHARE: Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY: Robust File and Folder Copy
ROUTE: Manipulate network routing tables
RUNAS: Execute a program under a different user account
RUNDLL32: Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

SC: Service Control
SCHTASKS: Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks
SCLIST: Display NT Services
ScriptIt: Control GUI applications
SET: Display, set, or remove environment variables
SETLOCAL: Begin localisation of environment changes in a batch file
SETX: Set environment variables permanently
SHARE: List or edit a file share or print share
SHIFT: Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file
SHORTCUT: Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SHOWGRPS: List the NT Workgroups a user has joined
SHOWMBRS: List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
SHUTDOWN: Shutdown the computer
SLEEP: Wait for x seconds
SOON: Schedule a command to run in the near future
SORT: Sort input
START: Start a separate window to run a specified program or command
SU: Switch User
SUBINACL: Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
SUBST: Associate a path with a drive letter
SYSTEMINFO: List system configuration

TASKLIST: List running applications and services
TIME: Display or set the system time
TIMEOUT: Delay processing of a batch file
TITLE: Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session
TOUCH: Change file timestamps
TRACERT: Trace route to a remote host
TREE: Graphical display of folder structure
TYPE: Display the contents of a text file

USRSTAT: List domain usernames and last login

VER: Display version information
VERIFY: Verify that files have been saved
VOL: Display a disk label

WHERE: Locate and display files in a directory tree
WHOAMI: Output the current UserName and domain
WINDIFF: Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
WINMSD: Windows system diagnostics
WINMSDP: Windows system diagnostics II
WMIC: WMI Commands

XCACLS: Change file permissions
XCOPY: Copy files and folders

i recommend for all dos commands visit
http://www.ss64.com/nt/